Summative Assessment

<p>Summative assessment evaluates learning at the end of an instructional unit by measuring it against a standard or benchmark — final exams, certification tests, capstone projects and end-of-course assignments are typical examples. Unlike formative assessment, its purpose is to judge and record achievement, often determining grades, certificates or pass/fail outcomes. Effective programmes combine summative assessment to certify mastery with frequent formative assessment to build it.</p>